In some cases, stopping suddenly during pregnancy may be more harmful than taking the medicines. Many women who regularly take opioid medicines can breastfeed. It depends on which medicine you are taking. Check with your health care provider before breastfeeding. There are some women who should not breastfeed, such as those who have HIV or take illegal drugs.
If you are pregnant and have an opioid use disorder, do not stop taking opioids suddenly. Instead, see your health care provider so you can get help.
The treatment for opioid use disorder is medication-assisted therapy MAT. MAT includes medicine and counseling:. The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. Pregnancy and Opioids. Learn More Related Issues. See, Play and Learn No links available. Resources No links available. For You Patient Handouts. What are opioids? What are the risks of taking opioids during pregnancy?
The possible risks include Neonatal abstinence syndrome NAS - withdrawal symptoms irritability, seizures, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and poor feeding in newborns Neural tube defects - birth defects of the brain, spine, or spinal cord Congenital heart defects - problems with the structure of the baby's heart Gastroschisis - a birth defect of the baby's abdomen, where the intestines stick outside of the body through a hole beside the belly button Loss of the baby, either miscarriage before 20 weeks of pregnancy or stillbirth after 20 or more weeks Preterm delivery - a birth before 37 weeks Stunted growth, leading to low birthweight Some women need to take opioid pain medicine while they are pregnant.
Babies born this early may have more health problems at birth and later in life than babies born full term. Opioids also can cause premature rupture of membranes also called PROM.
This is when the sac around a baby breaks before a woman goes into labor. Sudden infant death syndrome also called SIDS. This is the unexplained death of a baby younger than 1 year old.
SIDS usually happens when a baby is sleeping. Babies born to mothers who use opioids are at increased risk for SIDS. Opioid replacement therapy, including medication-assisted therapy also called MAT or opioid-assisted therapy also called OAT. For these treatments, your provider prescribes you long-acting opioids, like methadone or buprenorphine, that you take during pregnancy and after your baby is born. Long-acting means the opioids stay in your body for a long time.
These medicines help reduce your baby's risk for premature birth and growth problems. Your baby may have some withdrawal symptoms after birth. Naloxone helps stop the harmful effects of opioids, and it can save your life if you have an opioid overdose. Your provider may prescribe it as a nasal spray or a shot.
Your provider can show you and your family how to use it if you have signs or symptoms of an overdose. Behavioral therapy also called counseling. Your provider may recommend that you meet with a drug counselor by yourself, with a group or both. Counseling can help you change your feelings about drugs and help you develop healthy life skills.
It also helps you learn how to avoid or manage situations that may make you likely to relapse. Relapse is when you go back to using a drug after trying to quit using it. Quitting suddenly also called going cold turkey during pregnancy can cause severe problems for your baby, including death. Talk to your provider about safe ways to stop taking opioids.
Breastfeeding is good for both you and your baby. If you baby has NAS, breastfeeding may help make her withdrawal less severe so she needs less medicine and can leave the hospital sooner.
Some opioids can cause life-threatening problems for your baby. Talk to your provider about switching to a safer pain reliever if you take:. We don't know why some people have problems when they try to stop opioids and others can stop using them without problems.
We do know that some things make you more likely than others to have problems with opioids. These are called risk factors. But it may increase your chances. Risk factors for addiction include:. If you need help to stop abusing prescription drugs, talk to your health care provider, use the Substance Abuse Treatment Services Facility Locator or call Get expert tips and resources from March of Dimes and CDC to increase your chance of having a healthy, fully-term pregnancy and baby.
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Minus Related Pages. What are opioids? Opioids are a class of drugs used to reduce pain. Common prescription opioids include codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and morphine. Fentanyl is a prescription synthetic opioid pain reliever. It can also be made illegally.
Heroin is an illegal opioid. What is opioid use disorder? What is MOUD? Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website.
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